The skilled worker visa is the main work route under the points based immigration system. It was introduced on 1 December 2020, replacing a visa called Tier 2 (General).

Joanna has previously explained the legal requirements for this visa. For example, the role must have a skill level of at least RQF3 (roughly A-Level equivalent), there must be a sponsor willing to pay the worker above a certain amount, and the worker must meet English language and financial requirements.

Here I’ll look at some of the practicalities of making an application and signpost to the relevant application forms and Home Office information.

Key official information

There are three key sources of information relating to this route. 

• Immigration rules Appendix Skilled Worker — this is the key legal document that contains the specific legal requirements.
• Guidance for applicants — this contains practical information. 
• Sponsor guidance — this is the rule book that employers need to follow in order to determine if they can sponsor a worker. 

EU citizens need visas too

With the end of EU free movement, the skilled worker route (like the rest of the points based immigration system) is for EU citizens as well as non-EU citizens.

EU citizens who have arrived in the UK before 31 December 2020 were able to make an application under the EU Settlement Scheme. The deadline for most people to make an application was 30 June 2021. It is however possible to make a late application in certain circumstances. Getting settled or pre-settled status under this scheme is free, a sponsor isn’t needed and there are no restrictions on employment — no minimum salary levels etc. 

EU citizens who aren’t eligible for the EU Settlement Scheme have been able to submit an application for a skilled worker visa since 1 December 2020.

Sponsoring a skilled worker

The information in this section is mostly relevant to the employer rather than the applicant, but it may help to have an idea of what goes on at the sponsor’s end.

Sponsor licence 

Before a person can apply for a skilled worker visa, they need a certificate of sponsorship. Only employers that have applied for a sponsor licence and appear on the register of sponsor licence holders can assign a certificate of sponsorship. This is how the requirement to have a sponsor is enforced in practice.

We won’t go into detail on how to get a licence here; Joanna previously covered the sponsor licence application process. You can also consult the official Home Office guidance (Part 1: apply for a licence). Further information on the licence application process can be found here. How to maintain compliance as a sponsor can be found here.

Certificate of sponsorship

Once the employer has identified a person who needs to be sponsored, they need to enter information about the individual and the role onto an online form. The form is only accessible via the sponsor management system, a Home Office platform used by organisations with a sponsor licence.

If the worker will be applying for their visa from overseas, that information on the form is submitted to the Home Office. As long as they are satisfied that the work is genuine, the Home Office will grant a “defined certificate of sponsorship”. The sponsor can then assign this to the individual.

If the worker will be applying from inside the UK, the sponsor can bypass the Home Office and assign the certificate of sponsorship directly, without having to get sign-off (providing they have a certificate of sponsorship on account). These are known as “undefined certificate of sponsorship”. 

Once the certificate of sponsorship has been assigned, a unique reference number is generated. This number must be given to the worker who must then input it onto their visa application form.

Applying as a skilled worker

The application for a skilled worker visa can be submitted up to three months before the work start date listed on the certificate of sponsorship. 

The application process varies depending on whether or not the applicant is: 

• applying from overseas
• extending their current permission to stay under the sponsored work route from inside the UK
• switching from another visa route into the work route from inside the UK. 

Applying from overseas

Applicants who are applying from overseas must apply using the online application form which can be accessed via this section of the Home Office’s guidance (the green button saying (“start now”).

Applying from inside the UK

There are different application forms for extension applications and for switching applications.  

An in-country application can be made if the applicant has valid permission to stay in the UK in any immigration category, other than:

• as a visitor
• as a short-term student (general student visas are fine, subject to meeting the switching requirements)
• as a parent of a child student
• as a seasonal worker
• as a domestic worker in a private household
• because they were given permission to stay outside the immigration rules, for example on compassionate grounds

If any of the above applies, the would-be skilled worker will need to leave the UK and apply from overseas. 

Once the application form is completed, it can be submitted online and the relevant fees paid. It’s only then that you will be asked to upload any relevant supporting documents (see below); I would always recommend ensuring that all the supporting documents are ready before hitting submit.  

Visa fees 

Calculating visa fees has become fairly complex, so much so that thankfully the Home Office has a dedicated how much it costs page. 

The basic visa fees range from £719 – £1,636 depending on the length of the visa being sought, the exact type of role and whether applying from inside or outside the UK. Lower fees apply to roles on the immigration salary list.

Then there’s the immigration health surcharge of £1,035 per year of the visa, which must be paid up front. This means that the total cost of a skilled worker is considerably higher than the headline application fee.

Those eligible for a Health and Care visa, a subset of skilled worker for certain medical and social care professionals, get a special reduced rate on application fees and do not have to pay the immigration health surcharge.

Supporting documents

The Home Office also has a specific page dedicated to the documents that applicants will need to make the application. These include:

• certificate of sponsorship reference number
• evidence of how the English language requirement is met
• a valid passport or, for EU nationals, evidence of identity and nationality
• evidence that the applicant meets the financial requirement if their sponsors has not certified this on the certificate of sponsorship;
• a TB test result if applying from certain countries;
• a criminal record certificate if the role requires one 
• for certain roles, evidence of a UK PhD certificate or, if the qualification isn’t from the UK, a unique reference number 

Applicants also need to enter details about their job such as the title, occupation code, salary and employer’s name — these must be the same as on the certificate of sponsorship. It’s always useful therefore to ask the employer to provide a full copy of the certificate of sponsorship rather than just the reference number. 

Copies of the relevant supporting documents are uploaded at the end of the application process, after submitting the form and paying the fees.

Biometric appointment and beyond

Applicants will need to prove their identity as part of the application process. How this is done depends on the where the application is being made from (inside the UK or outside the UK), where the individual is from, and the type of passport held by the individual.

The applicant will either need to book and attend a biometric appointment at a visa application centre — this is where fingerprints and a photograph are taken – or use the ‘UK Immigration: ID Check’ app. The applicant will be told what they need to do when they apply. 

If applying from inside the UK, the applicant will either use the ‘UK Immigration: ID Check’ app or they will need to attend a UK visas and citizenship application centre services service point to provide their biometrics. Again, the applicant will be told what they need to so when they apply.

The commercial partner for UK visas and citizenship application centre services changed from Sopra Steria to TLScontact on 15 October 2024.  

Once the details have been provided via the appointment or app, a Home Office caseworker will review the application and make a decision on whether or not to grant the visa. 

The current stated processing times are:

• three weeks for applications filed outside the UK
• eight weeks for applications filed inside the UK

Fast track options are usually available which can significantly reduce the turnaround times. There is also the potential in more complex cases for the processing time to take longer.